BLOCKCHAIN AND INTERNET OF THINGS REQUIRE INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO LOGISTICS EDUCATION Summary

Short description of higher education study programme creation and evaluation process is stated. The study pointed out the difficulties of up-dating study programmes in connection with innovative technology trends in the relevant field of knowledge. Blockchain technology and Internet of Things as emerging digitalization trends in logistics and transport are considered together with three relevant bachelor study programmes. The first proposal of innovation inclusion in study programmes is formulated.


INTRODUCTION
There is a continuous discussion in the field of education, especially on the issues of higher education, as to what kind of knowledge the students need. It is the main subject of such typical study programme life cycle regular operation and monitoring procedures: creation, design and development of a new study programme, licensing of a study programme, accreditation (external evaluation) of a study programme and self-evaluation of a study programme. The European Higher Education Area also pays significant importance to learning outcomes and competences of future professionals of every field. Usually all the parties (Higher Education Institution, Ministry of Education, National Centre of Study Programmes Evaluation, and invited external or internal experts in the field of study programme etc.) involved in the mentioned above procedures try to reach a consensus on all parts of the study programme, which have been evaluated as follows: programme aims and learning outcomes, curriculum design, teaching staff, facilities and learning resources, study process and students' performance assessment and programme management and others. The evaluation always takes into account opinions of teachers, social partners, employers and graduates and also results from the comparison of the study programme with other similar programmes in the country and abroad.

INNOVATION FOR LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN STUDY PROGRAMME MODERNIZATION
The above-mentioned publications support opinion of authors to analyse two directions of modern trends, which together with basic knowledge define the main tools for the future graduates in the field of transport and logistics. They are industry buzz words of the day: -Internet of Things (IoT) as set of the working SMART instruments of the SMART environment; -Blockchain technology as information support of Supply Chains, Supply Nets and SMART things.

Internet of Things (IoT) as a set of working instruments
The IoT covers the idea that machines and sensors are connected via Internet and help to acquire new functionality. The following applications provide a first overview.
Let us take the example of IoT and 3-D printing [7]. The 3D printing is a technology of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The applications of this High Tech are plentiful (from production of nonorganic, organic and until bio-objects). From point of logistics [24], Enterprise Lab for Logistics and Digitization organised by DB Schenker and Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow and Logistics are evaluating the areas of the 3D printing influence in the logistics and supply chain field. One of the key conclusions made by the Lab is that 3D printing could be an integrated part of warehousing and supply chain services. In the future, it could facilitate the following: decentralisation of production, reducing manufacturing lead times, reducing the level of storing spare parts and increasing the role of the Last Mile Shipping.
IoT will give great possibilities in monitoring technical condition of equipment and safety and security of personal.
IoT will also give additional coordination order to all supply chain participants and enhance intransit visibility.
Blockchain and Internet of Things require innovative approach to logistics education 25

Unmanned Vehicle as a part of IoT
By using the analytical paper of Frost&Sullivan Agency "Future of Logistics", S. Singh [26] ( Fig. 1) notes that unmanned aerial vehicles -drones -are most popular today in the field of delivery of light cargo. They provide urban last and first mile, rural delivery and surveillance of infrastructure. In the nearest and far-away future technological scenarios, it is necessary to search not only for the traditional line haul transportation but also industrial transport, terminal, hub and warehouse transportation.
The companies that are interested in developing other transport modes of unmanned vehicles, such as trucks, ships, locomotives, and cranes are represented on the right side of Fig. 1. At the same time, these companies should use the principles of "green logistics" [35]. In their 30-year forecast report, Fraunhofer IML, Daimler AG and DB Mobility Logistics AG [32], companies involved in the areas for action in the field of rail and road transport, also propose autonomous driving and others achievements in the field of IoT (Fig. 2)

Fig. 2. Areas of action
One of the leading worldwide logistics providers, DHL, represents practically the same forecasting information in the field of IoT and UV, additionally including tube logistics and other cutting-edge elements and viewing other forecast horizons [17] (Fig. 3).

Blockchain Technology as an information support of Supply Chains, Nets and other SMART things
The second subject more often mentioned today in connection with logistics and supply chain is block chain technology. Usually, blockchain is defined as follows [34]: instrument that creates the backbone of a new type of Internet, incorruptible digital ledger of economic transactions, a distributed database, a peer-to-peer network, and a mechanism to bring everyone to the highest degree of accountability.
For the aims of logistics (the logistics is a science and technology of managing (controlling) all kinds of flows (materials, information, finance and services), the following semidefinition is more applicable [19] -blockchain is an instrument for special kind of management of digital business (transaction) flows. Such definition together with IoT opportunities and Smart directions could create a new generation of logistics and supply chain information technologies and systems in the future.
The research of supply chains management problems is represented by IBM [12] in 2010. On the basis of expert opinions of nearly 400 supply chain executives worldwide, the research identified key challenges faced by supply chain managers. On the basis of analytical results, the overall declaration was made that "supply chain must be SMART". It requires focusing the logistics' professional attention on IoT elements and integration of the information systems (Tab. 1).
In view of this phenomenon, today professionals worldwide are creating consortiums for developing special applications for the field of transport, logistics and supply chains. It has led to the development of Physical Internet [9,30] and 16-partner consortium in Netherlands under the direction of TKI Dinalog [18]. In the Central Baltic Sea Region (CBSR), there also is an established consortium of enterprises, universities and organizations to make applicable blockchain technology to the supply chain and logistics field of CBSR (Shippers, Terminals, Transport companies and Logistics Centers). The name of the project under the European Union's Interreg Central Baltic program is "Smart Logistics and Freight Villages Iniciative (SMARTLOG)". The members of consortium are Kouvola Innovation Oy (Finland), which is the leading partner, Region Orebro County (Sweden), Valga County Development Agency (Estonia), Sensei LSC (Estonia), Tallinn Technical University (Estonia) and Transport and Telecommunication Institute (Latvia).
The main aim of the consortium was announced in the international conference, InterConnect 2016 [10], and tasks were described in virtual publication by Lammi M. [16] and by partners in 2017 [15]. In the project, R&D analysis of the end-to-end transit times of cargo along the CBSR transport corridors in the blockchain environment will be carried out. The main objective planned is to reduce cargo transit times on those transport corridors, according to the EU policy objectives. The supposed benefits of the project are as follows: greater transparency and of shipment progress improves efficiency, greater trust since all transactions are indelibly recorded, greater accuracy and lower cost, through IoT participation, ability to optimize and automate business processes through IoT, and provision of future vision for "freight autonomy". The above-mentioned consortium tries to establish co-operation with Lappeenranta University of Technology and other IT firms with great experience in architecture and electronics of blockchain technology.

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G. Gromovs, M. Lammi Table 1 The "Smartmap" to the Supply Chain of the Future (part of figure 13  Held on 20 December 2016 in Shenzhen, China, the Fintech Global Summit was a very significant event in the field of logistics and blockchain technology [4]. In the summit, it was decided that "the 2016 Fintech Global Summit marks the founding of the Blockchain Application Sub-Committee initiated by the China Federation of Logistics & Purchasing. It has been learned that the Sub-Committee was initiated by a blockchain start-up, logistics companies and financial institutions. The Sub-Committee will be focusing on the promotion of blockchain technology in logistics by introducing blockchain technology and business training, R&D standards of blockchain for logistics, blockchain-based company credit mechanism and finally the total upgrading and re-direction of the logistics supply-chain industry."

CBSR country universities bachelor logistics study programmes
The given IoT and blockchain express analysis shows that these technologies are two of the main integral elements of the modern trends in the field of logistics, transportation and supply chains. How could their methodology (concepts and methods) reach the students of today and future and their teachers in the above-mentioned fields? The authors also made an express analysis of four University bachelor study programmes in the countries of the CBSR.
The analysis of study subjects and their parameters (Tab. 2) allows one to make the following outline of step-by-step inclusion of the innovation in knowledge, learning outcomes and competences of the future professionals in the field of supply chains and logistics: renewal of learning outcomes and competences, retraining of information technology teachers, inclusion of new IoT and blockchain information in training program of logistics and supply chain academic staff, modification of study programme (annotations of special subjects are to include new data and information), and modernization of university software and in case of necessity hardware.

3,5 years Language
The entire programme is conducted in English.

Programme main blocks:
fundamental business subjects purchasing, logistics management, project management and legal aspects of business.  And the last point of discussion -there may be a need to organize on the basis of one of the participants' special "Blockchain&IoT Training Centre" for teachers and logistics professionals simultaneously with the project "SMARTLOG" or later.
In addition, it is important to point out that the blockchain technology could be used in the future as an education system basis. Sony Global Education, Inc. (SGE), in 2016, announced that it adapted the blockchain technology to the educational field and has developed a technology that enables open and secure sharing of academic proficiency and progress records [27]. The aims of SGE Inc. are to build a new, widely applicable educational infrastructure that enables diverse methods of knowledge evaluation. Thus, the students may be able to use the same technology in the classroom, in professional work and also, for example, in the distance learning.
More information about the educational use of blockchain technology is represented by D. Clarc [5]. Application of blockchain technology to digital certificates is on the MIT site [23]. Elements of blockchain as learning subjects are in the Princeton University-organized Coursera site (course of cryptocurrency).
As concluding remarks, we would like to point out to the diversity of opinions among the researchers on this issue. While some papers (R. Blasetti, 2016) focus on the weak points of blockchain technology [1], other papers (G. Prisco, 2016) argue against using blockchain in some fields [22], and, finally, a group of authors, D. and A. Tapscott [28], W. Mougayar [20], R. Wattenhofer [33] and many others, claim to prove that this technology will be the backbone of future information systems.

CONCLUSIONS
1. In the process of organization and implementation of new university bachelor study programmes and supporting existing ones, it is needed to follow the most recent emerging ideas and technologies. 2. As a result of this research, it is possible to form typical plans of regular analysis and renewal of a study programme. 3. Now it is time for logistics and supply chain field academic staff to think over possible renovation of learning outcomes and competences of the future students in connection with IoT and blockchain technologies. 4. It desirable to continue research on planning of the functional, technical and software provision of "Blockchain&IoT Training Centre", and may be try to attract the attention of companies such corporation as IBM, Amazon and others.