Influence of rhythmic light stimulation on orientation signal within visual cortex columns in the cat

Natalia Merkulyeva/ Aleksandr Mikhalkin/ Igor Bondar

The present study used optical imaging to investigate the development of the optical signal within orientational columns in primary visual cortex of cats reared under conditions of rhythmic light stimulation. Results showed that, although inter-columnar spacing was unchanged, a 3-5-fold decrement in optical signal from orientation columns and a drastic decline in contrast sensitivity was observed in both areas 18 and 17. These data suggest the modification of cortical columnar functioning under (..)

DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-020

Published Online: 30-December-2019

Alteration of oxidative stress markers and behavior of rats in a novel model of depression

Anna Gorlova/ Dmitrii Pavlov/ Eugene Zubkov/ Yana Zorkina/ Anatoly Inozemtsev/ Anna Morozova/ Vladimir Chekhonin

Emotional stress is considered a serious pathogenetic factor of depression. In this study an ultrasound model of emotional stress developed in our laboratory was applied. It is characterized by the use of ultrasound as the stressor agent. Animals are triggered not by any organic or physical disturbances but by the perception of adverse information. This type of stress can induce depressive-like behavioral changes in rodents, manifested by decreased sucrose preference and increased time of immobi(..)

DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-021

Published Online: 30-December-2019

Differential expression of the c-fos protein and synaptophysin in zebrin II positive and zebrin II negative cerebellar cortical areas in 4-aminopyridine seizures

Beáta Krisztin-Péva/ András Mihály/ Zoltán Tóth

The present study examined temporal activation patterns of rat cerebellar cortical neurons in 4-aminopyridine induced seizures, using c-fos protein as a marker of neuronal activity. C-fos-containing cells were counted in each cerebellar cortical layer, and cell count was compared between zebrin II positive and zebrin II negative bands of the lobules of the vermis and cerebellar hemispheres. We found significant activation of granule cells and interneurons of the molecular layer in zebrin II posi(..)

DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-022

Published Online: 30-December-2019

Dexamethasone induces alterations of slow wave oscillation, rapid eye movement sleep and high-voltage spindle in rats

Acharaporn Issuriya/ Ekkasit Kumarnsit/ Chayaporn Reakkamnuan/ Nifareeda Samerphob/ Pornchai Sathirapanya/ Dania Cheaha

Glucocorticoids arising from chronic stress and long-term inflammatory treatment with corticosteroids are both associated with neuropathology and cognitive impairments. Many previous studies have focused on changes in brain morphology and deficits in learning behavior. However, effects of long-term exposure to stress hormones on electrical brain signaling and sleep-wake patterns have remained largely unexplored. This study aimed to monitor electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns induced by prolon(..)

DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-023

Published Online: 30-December-2019

Isolation and characterization of human amniotic fluid and SH-SY5Y/BE(2)-M17 cell derived exosomes

Nayer Seyfizadeh/ Narges Seyfizadeh/ Reza Rahbarghazi/ Alireza Nourazarian/ Sajed Borzouisileh/ Abdolhakim Palideh/ Farideh Elahimanesh/ Hamed Hamishehkar/ Leyla Salimi/ Mohammad Nouri/ Maryam Abtin

The application of stem cells as a therapy for degenerative disease holds great promise. Substantial evidence suggests that stem cell derived exosomes are a novel cell-free therapy for the corresponding cells. Exosomes are less complex as compared to their parental cells, due to the fewer number of membrane proteins. In addition, the smaller size and lower risk of immunogenicity makes exosomes potentially safe therapeutic nano-carriers. A large number of ongoing research studies are focused on c(..)

DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-024

Published Online: 30-December-2019

Effects of maternal thyroid hormone deficiency on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in CSF-exposed neonatal Wistar rats

Vida Mafikandi/ Nasim Hayati Roodbari/ Mohammad Nabiuni/ Parichehreh Yaghmaei

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains growth and neurotrophic factors which regulate proliferation, differentiation, and neurogenesis. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in the development of the nervous system and hypothyroidism during development of embryos leads to defects in the nervous system. This study aimed to survey the effects of rat neonatal CSF collected from induced hypothyroid mothers on differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). We hypothesized that hypothyroi(..)

DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-025

Published Online: 30-December-2019

The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

Henryk Jęśko/ Anna M. Lenkiewicz/ Anna Wilkaniec/ Agata Adamczyk

Parkin and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) are two key proteins involved in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Oligomerization/aggregation and excessive secretion of α-syn contributes to PD through free radical stress, mitochondrial impairment, and synaptic dysfunction. Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is considered to be a pleiotropic, neuroprotective protein that modulates metabolic turnover and the accumulation of α-syn. This is in addition to parkin’s role in counteracting the more dist(..)

DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-026

Published Online: 30-December-2019

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation with monopolar pulses improves limb use after stroke by enhancing inter-hemispheric coherence

Andrea G. P. Schjetnan/ Darryl C. Gidyk/ Gerlinde A.S. Metz/ Artur Luczak

Post-stroke neurological deficits, such as sensorimotor impairments, are often permanent and a leading cause of disability. Stroke is also associated with changes in neuronal synchrony among different brain areas. Multiple studies demonstrated that non-invasive brain stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), enhances the efficacy of existing rehabilitative therapies. We hypothesized that the therapeutic effects of tDCS could be due to its influence on neuronal synchron(..)

DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-027

Cell-based immunofluorescence assay for screening the neurogenesis potential of new drugs in adult hippocampal neural progenitor cells

Kun Zhang/ Bin Li/ Peifang Li/ Xiaoli Yang/ Huixian Cui/ Xiaoyun Liu

Preclinical studies have suggested that increased adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus might have potential therapeutic effects for Alzheimer’s disease and depression; therefore, it is a target for the treatment of some brain diseases. In this technical communication, we propose a cell-based fluorescence assay to study the neurogenesis of adult hippocampal progenitor cells that can be used for high-throughput screening of drugs promoting neurogenesis. Three fluorescent dyes (DAPI, Alexa Fluor 4(..)

DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-028

Published Online: 30-December-2019

Stimulus-seeking in rats is accompanied by increased c-Fos expression in hippocampal CA1 as well as short 22 kHz and flat 50 kHz calls

Ita Robakiewicz/ Monika Polak/ Małgorzata Rawska/ Dominik Alberski/ Rafał Polowy/ Kinga Wytrychiewicz/ Mateusz Syperek/ Jan Matysiak/ Robert K. Filipkowski

We determined CA1 hippocampal field to be involved in self-exposure, a type of novelty-seeking behaviour that has also been associated with short 22 kHz and flat 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in adult male Long-Evans rats. Rats were habituated for three days to a self-exposure cage with two nose-poke holes. On day four, the animals from the experimental group were allowed to turn the cage light off for 5 s with a nose-poke (test/self-exposure session), while rats from control-yoked group(..)

DOI: 10.21307/ane-2019-029

Published Online: 30-December-2019