VOLUME 57 , ISSUE 1 (June 2018) - List of articles

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ROLE OF MICROBIOTA IN MAINTAINING THE HOMEOSTASIS IN THE HUMAN BODY

Katarzyna Góralska/ Magdalena Dzikowiec

The human body is believed to be occupied by around 4 × 1013 microorganism cells, which is 10 times the number of cells of the human body. Multidisciplinary studies conducted worldwide by microbiologists and physicians suggest that the microorganisms which colonize the human body can more actively influence the state of health than previously thought. The most important role in the regulation of the homeostasis is played by ontocenoses of the intestine. Imbalanced taxonomic composition and numbe(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2018.57.1.005

THE HFQ PROTEIN – A NOVEL VIEW ON THE WELL-KNOWN RIBOREGULATOR

Grzegorz M. Cech/ Agnieszka Szalewska-Pałasz

The Hfq protein is one of the most important regulatory factors acting at the RNA level. This protein was first discovered as a host factor necessary for Qβ bacteriophage development. Following the discovery, the Hfq role in bacteriophage development was not investigated in depth. In subsequent years, however, many studies revealed various riboregulatory functions of this protein, mainly focused on facilitating sRNA and mRNA pairing, regulating both the degradation and stability of many transcri(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2018.57.1.012

PANDEMIC HUMAN CORONAVIRUS – CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON OF SELECTED PROPERTIES OF HCOV-SARS AND HCOV-MERS

Katarzyna W. Pancer

Two Coronaviruses, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, causing generally mild respiratory tract infections in humans, were described in the XX c. Pandemic Coronaviruses were first discovered as late as in the XXI c.: SARS-HCoV in 2002 – causing severe respiratory tract infections (SARS) in China; MERS-HCoV in 2012 – circulating mostly on the Arabian Peninsula. The SARS epidemic ended in 2004 resulting in morbidity of > 8000 and > 770 deaths, while the MERS epidemic is still ongoing (> 2000 ill, > 700 death(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2018.57.1.022

PAPILLOMAVIRUSES: HPV AS THE ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR OF HEAD AND NECK CANCERS

Michał Wiciński, Kamil Leis/ Bartosz Malinowski/ Mateusz Maciej Węclewicz/ Elżbieta Grześk/ Grzegorz Grześk

The HPV virus, belonging to papillomaviruses, causes genital, lung, head and neck cancers. It is currently estimated that there are 190 types of HPV. Over 700 million people worldwide are infected with the virus. In the United States, 14 million new infections occur every year. The most common HPV types responsible for carcinogenesis of head and neck areas are types 16 and 18. The virus infects human epithelial cells, for example during a sexual intercourse. Transmission from mother to child dur(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2018.57.1.033

RELAPSING FEVERS

Stanisława Tylewska-Wierzbanowska/ Beata Fiecek/ Tomasz Chmielewski

Relapsing fevers are considered, on the one hand, emerging or re-emerging diseases, and on the other hand, they still belong to neglected diseases which attract little attention of researchers and the public in developed countries. Genus Borrelia is divided into two large groups. The first of these is Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato – the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, first isolated from the Ixodes dammini tick. The second large group of Borrelia spirochetes contains more than 20 species asso(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2018.57.1.041

PLASMID-MEDIATED QUINOLONE RESISTANCE – PMQR

Katarzyna Piekarska

Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents widely used to treat a range of infections in clinical medicine. However, the surveillance studies demonstrate that fluoroquinolone resistance rates increased in Enterobacteriaceae in the past years. FQ inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis by interfering with the action of two bacterial enzymes – DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. There are two categories of quinolone resistance mechanisms: chromosomally encoded and acquired. Mutations in ch(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2018.57.1.047

FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS – REVIEW

Piotr Cieślik/ Józef Knap/ Agata Bielawska-Drózd

In the early twentieth century, Francisella tularensis was identified as a pathogenic agent of tularaemia, one of the most dangerous zoonoses. Based on its biochemical properties, infective dose and geographical location, four subspecies have been distinguished within the species F. tularensis: the highly infectious F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) occurring mainly in the United States of America, F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B) mainly in Europe, F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatic(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2018.57.1.058

NOCARDIA SPP. – CHARACTERISTICS, PATHOGENICITY, TREATMENT

Michał Wiciński/ Mateusz Maciej Węclewicz/ Bartosz Malinowski/ Jarosław Żak/ Elżbieta Grześk/ Grzegorz Grześk/ Kamil Leis

Nocardia spp. bacteria are Gram-positive aerobes occurring worldwide. They cause nocardiosis, of which the most common forms are pulmonary nocardiosis and cutaneous nocardiosis. The pulmonary form progresses as a result of aspiration of pathogens into the respiratory tract, whereas the cutaneous nocardiosis, can spread to other organs (often to CNS) and includes Madura foot, both mycetoma and systemic. Infections usually affect people with immunodeficiency, for example infected with HIV or after(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2018.57.1.068

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