CHARACTERISTICS AND USE OF MULTICOPPER OXIDASES ENZYMES

Aleksandra Góralczyk-Bińkowska/ Anna Jasińska/ Jerzy Długoński

Abstract Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are a large family of blue copper proteins which contain from one to six copper atoms per molecule. Their catalytic centre consists of three domains which involve type I Cu, type II Cu and a pair of type III Cu’s. They include laccases, ferroxidases, ascorbate oxidase, bilirubin oxidase, laccase-like multicopper oxidases. MCOs are capable of one-electron oxidizing of aromatic as well as non-aromatic compounds with a concomitant four-electron reduction of mole(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.1.007

CATHELICIDINS IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS

Jakub Deptuła/ Beata Tokarz-Deptuła/ Magdalena Malinowska-Borysiak/ Michał Stosik/ Wiesław Deptuła

Abstract Cathelicidins are Important immunological peptides – HDPs (Host Defense Peptides) with high biological activity in mammals, including human and vertebrate animals. These evolutionary ancient molecules in these organisms are natural elements of antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic immunity against which germs and parasites have not developed immunity, which makes them alternatives to antibiotics. Catelicidins in human and vertebrates affect the germs and parasites direc(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.1.019

NEW SPECIES OF BACTERIA IN HUMAN INFECTIONS

Alicja Sękowska/ Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska

Abstract In the last few years, there have been works in literature describing clinical cases of infections with bacteria previously considered to be non-pathogenic. So far, these bacteria have been commonly isolated from the natural environment: water, soil, plants, and isolation from a sample of clinical material has often been considered an impurity. Therefore, the aim of the paper was to draw attention to newly emerging bacterial species, their characteristics, biochemical properties, virule(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.1.029

ANALYSIS OF SELECTED GENETIC TRAITS, PHENOTYPES, AND THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL THREAT OF ENTEROCOCCUS BACTERIA RESISTANT TO VANCOMYCIN

Wojciech Rogóż/ Daniel Sypniewski/ Ilona Bednarek

Abstract Enterococci are Gram-positive bacteria that belong to facultative anaerobic cocci. Species belonging to the Enterococcus genus generally display little infectious potential, although they can cause serious nosocomial infections. The groups at high risk include patients with proliferative diseases, chronic liver diseases, and graft recipients. Since 1980s infections with enterococci resistant to numerous antibiotics have been observed with increasing frequency. There are two independent (..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.1.035

TAXONOMY OF DERMATOPHYTES – THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS MAY CHANGE BUT THE IDENTIFICATION PROBLEMS REMAIN THE SAME

Sebastian Gnat/ Aneta Nowakiewicz/ Przemysław Zięba

Abstract Fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails are the most prevalent among all fungal infections, currently affecting over 20–25% of the world’s human and animal populations. Dermatophytes are the etiological factors of the most superficial fungal infections. Among other pathogenic filamentous fungi, what distinguishes them is their unique attribute to degrade keratin. The remarkable ability of this group of fungi to survive in different ecosystems results from their morphological and (..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.1.049

THE RHIZOSPHERE MICROBIOME AND ITS BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON PLANTS – CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND PERSPECTIVES

Małgorzata Woźniak/ Anna Gałązka

Abstract The root system of a plant works like a factory that produces a huge amount of chemicals to communicate effectively with the microorganisms around it. At the same time, micro-organisms can use these compounds as an energy source. The variety of microorganisms associated with plant roots is enormous, amounting to tens of thousands of species. This complex microbial community, also called the second plant genome, is essential for plant health and productivity. Over the last few years, the(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.1.059

ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA IN THE PHYTODEGRADATION OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS

Daria Chlebek/ Katarzyna Hupert-Kocurek

Abstract Organic pollutants are released into the environment as a result of various human activities. Traditional physical and chemical methods for the clean-up of contaminated soil and water are often costly and invasive. A good alternative to the above methods is bacteria-assisted phytodegradation. Recently, particular attention has been focused on endophytic bacteria equipped with appropriate metabolic pathways, increasing the efficiency of organic compound degradation, and promoting plant g(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.1.070

NEW DATA ON ISOPENICILLIN N SYNTHASE AND PEROXISOME CO-LOCATION IN THE HYPHAL CELLS OF PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM PQ-96 – PEXOPHAGY AND EXOCYTOSIS

Wiesław Kurzątkowski/ Paulina Górska/ Małgorzata Główka/ Katarzyna Woźnica/ Aleksandra Zasada

Abstract The machinery of antibiotic production by Penicillium chrysogenum PQ-96 is composed of co-located cytosolic and peroxisomal enzymes of the penicillin G biosynthesis pathway. Pexophagy and exocytosis should be currently considered as an alternative for penicillin G secretion from the mycelial cells. Penicillin G overproduction is a cellular detoxification process, protecting the mycelium from the toxicity of the antibiotic precursor. 1. Introduction. 2. Peroxisomal functions and penicill(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.1.080

CELL BANKS PREPARATION IN BIOPHARMACEUTICALS PRODUCTION

Agnieszka Sobolewska-Ruta/ Piotr Zaleski

Abstract The fast development of the biopharmaceutical market is correlated with the growing number and availability of technologies for the production of so-called biodrugs. One of the main procedures for therapeutic protein production is based on bacterial expression systems. In order to maintain the constant quality and homogeneity of the initial inoculum, the cell bank must be created in full accordance with quality standards. The first step should be the establishment of a Master Cell Bank (..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.1.087

ANTIVIRAL DISINFECTION IN THE MEDICAL AREA

Agnieszka Trzcińska

Abstract Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a serious public health problem. This problem affects hundreds of millions of people every year, leading to many serious health complications. Disinfection is an important element in the prevention and control of viral infections, which is the basis of sanitation and hygiene processes in medical facilities such as hospitals, outpatient clinics, dental offices, etc. The disinfection is a complex process, the efficacy of which is influenced by many (..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.1.101

Published Online: 15-October-2019