MICROBIOME OF THE WOMEN’S GENITAL SYSTEM

Monika Pytka/ Monika Kordowska-Wiater/ Piotr Jarocki

Abstract The genital system of women has been colonized by various species of microorganisms since the beginning of life. In the postnatal period, the method of birth is important; when a child is born naturally, passing the female genital tract, it acquires bacteria present in the mother’s vagina, and when through the cesarean section, the child’s organism is first colonized by the mother’s skin microbiota and hospital strains. In female newborns during the first days after the natural birth, t(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.3.227

Published Online: 05-October-2019

GUT MICROBIOTA IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Magdalena Nalewajska/ Jarosław Przybyciński/ Małgorzata Marchelek-Myśliwiec/ Violetta Dziedziejko/ Kazimierz Ciechanowski

Abstract In health, the relationship between gut microflora and the host is of a mutualistic kind. Microbiota offers many benefits to the host, including harvesting energy, regulating host immunity, and the synthesis of vitamins. Alteration in gut microflora can lead to homeostasis disruption and development of various diseases. Dysbiosis is commonly observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nutrient processing by gut microbiota results in the production of some uremic toxins, and these accumula(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.3.237

Published Online: 05-October-2019

THE ROLE OF THE STRINGENT COMPONENTS IN THE REGULATION OF VIRULENCE

Klaudyna Krause/ Klaudia Milewska/ Agnieszka Szalewska-Pałasz

Abstract The aim of the existence of every organism is to survive and replicate its genetic material. The pathogen, after infection of the host, has to overcome the host’s defensive barrier. For this, bacterial pathogens use virulence-related factors, such as cell and tissue invasion, adhesion to the surface and toxin production. Numerous pathogenic microorganisms combine their virulence pathways with general mechanisms that allow their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. For this p(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.3.247

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF BACTERIA A GROWING THREAT FOR ANIMALS AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Marian Binek/ Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda/ Magdalena Rzewuska/ Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel/ Agnieszka Sałamaszyńska-Guz

Abstract The major aspect of the consequences of antibiotic resistance usually concerns people. The animals are often seen as a source of pathogens or resistance genes implying a potential risk of their transmission to humans and thereby a potential hazard on public health. Despite the fact that transmission of resistant pathogens from animals to humans is possible we must also recognize that the animals for veterinarians are patients, which suffer from different bacterial infections, and requir(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.3.259

Published Online: 05-October-2019

CARBAPENEMASE OF INTESTINAL RODS – THE BEGINNING OF POST-ANTIBIOTIC ERA?

Sylwia Joanna Chmielewska/ Katarzyna Leszczyńska

Abstract In recent years in Poland as well as globally at an alarming rate, the number of bacteria producing mechanisms of antibiotic resistance has been increased. The major source of concern is the emergence and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Carbapenems are considered as last resort drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. At the present time the greatest menaces to public health are strains producing KPC (Klebsiella pneumonia(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.3.271

Published Online: 05-October-2019

POSSIBILITIES OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS INCLUDING NEW DRUGS AND COMPOUNDS WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATION

Anna Majewska/ Beata Młynarczyk-Bonikowska/ Magdalena Malejczyk/ Sławomir Majewski/ Grażyna Młynarczyk

Abstract Human Cytomegalovirus (hCMV) or human herpesvirus 5 (HHV5) is one of the most common pathogens. Studies indicate the presence of infection in 60–100% of individuals. The ability to cause asymptomatic, infection and a latency promotes the persistence and spread of the virus. hCMV infection is usually asymptomatic and does not require treatment, but in some cases especially in immunocompromised persons (e.g., transplant recipients, patients with hematological malignancies, untreated HIV i(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.3.291

Published Online: 05-October-2019

PARECHOVIRUSES – UNDERESTIMATED RISK

Arleta Krzysztoszek/ Magdalena Wieczorek

Abstract Parechoviruses are small, non-enveloped, icosahedral-shaped capsid viruses belonging to the Picornaviridae family. They are characterized by a single-positive-strand genomic RNA and as others RNA viruses have a great potential for genetic variation, the rapid evolution and adaptation. Genus Parechovirus has been established in the 90s and currently, 19 types of human parechoviruses (HPeV) are discovered. They usually cause mild respiratory or gastrointestinal illness, mainly in young ch(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.3.301

Published Online: 05-October-2019

CHITINASES AS THE KEY TO THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PLANTS AND MICROORGANISMS

Anna Kisiel/ Katarzyna Jęckowska

Abstract Chitin is the main structural component of fungal cells and of the exoskeletons of insects. Plant and bacterial cells are equipped with chitinases, enzymes that break down chitin. Chitinases participate in many interactions between organisms, including symbiosis and antagonism. These interactions are significant drivers of many ecosystem functions and are important for the health of plants and animals. Additionally, due to the common occupation of habitat, fungi and bacteria engage in c(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.3.317

POLY-3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE AS AN EXAMPLE OF A BIOPOLYMER PRODUCED BY METHANOTROPHIC BACTERIA

Adam Kubaczyński/ Anna Pytlak/ Zofia Stępniewska

Abstract The objective of this review paper is to present the current state of knowledge about poly-3-hydroxybutyrate produced by methanotrophic bacteria. Methanotrophs are a large group of microorganisms, which live in different kinds of environment, but they preferably occupy places with high methane production, such as swamps, peat bogs, rice fields, or widely understood geological deposits. Methanotrophic bacteria are an important object of research for specialists of environmental biotechno(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.3.329

Published Online: 05-October-2019

BIOSYNTHESIS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF USING ECTOINE AND HYDROXYECTOINE IN HEALTH CARE

Weronika Goraj/ Zofia Stępniewska/ Anna Szafranek-Nakonieczna

Abstract The global production of L-amino acids is largely based on microbiological synthesis. The largest bioproduction concerns L-glutamic acid (1.5 million tons per year), and L-lysine (850,000 tons per year). Among other amino acids, ectoine and hydroxyectoine are mentioned in the growing demand. Currently, the main producer of ectoine based on the biotechnology process is the German company Bitop. The organism used in the ectoine production is Halomonas elongata isolated from a solar salt f(..)

DOI: 10.21307/PM-2019.58.3.339