Shear wave elastography reveals a high prevalence of liver fibrosis in overweight or obese Hispanic youth

Sanjeet Sandhu/ Carisse Orsi/ Gary L. Francis/ Zhu Wang/ Roman Fernandez/ Naim Alkhouri

Abstract Background: Obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes are risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Inflammation and hepatocellular damage associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease lead to progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Current tests to identify fibrosis (liver biopsy) are invasive and not conducive to serial examination. For that reason, we used the newer technique of shear wave elastogrophy (SWE) to detect fibrosis in overweight or o(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0027

Published Online: 28-September-2020

Comparison of sonographic hepatorenal ratio and the degree of hepatic steatosis in magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction

Natthaporn Tanpowpong/ Sineenart Panichyawat

Abstract Objectives: Conventional ultrasonography can provide only semi-quantitative assessment of hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to assess sonographic hepatorenal ratio to quantify the severity of fatty liver. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 179 patients with various liver diseases who underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography on the same day. The hepatorenal ratio was calculated by the ratio between the mean echo intensity in regions of (..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0028

Published Online: 28-September-2020

The ultrasound of subcutaneous extrapelvic endometriosis

Ashraf Talaat Youssef

Abstract Background: The presence of ectopic functional endometrial glands and struma anywhere except in the lining of the uterine cavity is considered as endometriosis. Extrapelvic endometriosis involving the abdominal wall cesarean section scar is uncommonly seen, and it rarely involves the perineum, umbilicus, pleura, kidneys, lungs and liver. Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to highlight rare ectopic sites, explain the pathogenesis of extrapelvic endometriosis, and evaluate th(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0029

Published Online: 28-September-2020

Validity of measurements of testicular volume obtained by a built-in software of ultrasound systems: with formula recommended by updated guidelines as reference

Dongyan Cai/ Size Wu/ Ya Li/ Qingfang Chen

Abstract Aim: To investigate the validity of measurement of testicular volume acquired by a built-in software in different ultrasound systems with reference to the updated guidelines. Materials and methods: Archives of 1,976 patients who had undergone scrotal ultrasound evaluation were reviewed. A total of 973 patients with 1,909 testes, who had undergone ultrasound measurement of the testicular volume, were included in the study, and 1,003 patients were excluded. The age of enrolled patients ra(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0030

Published Online: 28-September-2020

Evaluation of benign parotid gland tumors with superb microvascular imaging and shear wave elastography

Hakan Cebeci/ Mehmet Öztürk/ Mehmet Sedat Durmaz/ Abidin Kılınçer/ Ömer Erdur/ Bahar Çolpan

Abstract Aim of the study: This study aimed to examine the role of superb microvascular imaging and shear wave elastography for the pre-surgical evaluation of common parotid tumors. Material and methods: This single-center prospective study included 37 patients with parotid gland lesions. After institutional review board approval, grayscale, shear wave elastography and superb microvascular imaging ultrasound examinations were performed prior to biopsy or operation. The diagnosis of the lesions w(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0031

Published Online: 28-September-2020

Ultrasound methods of imaging atherosclerotic plaque in carotid arteries: examinations using contrast agents

Andrzej Fedak/ Robert Chrzan/ Ositadima Chukwu/ Andrzej Urbanik

Abstract The primary technique for detecting the presence and monitoring the development of carotid atherosclerotic plaque is ultrasound. The development of ultrasound techniques has made it possible to precisely visualise not only blood flow, but also vessel walls, including atherosclerotic plaque. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination enables one to make an objective observation of atherosclerotic plaque neovascularisation, clearly indicating active inflammation, which is an inherent featur(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0032

Published Online: 28-September-2020

Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and monitoring of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome

Andrzej Smereczyński/ Katarzyna Kołaczyk/ Elżbieta Bernatowicz

Streszczenie Despite their considerable clinical significance, intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome are rarely discussed in the context of ultrasonography. They occur in critically ill patients, usually hospitalized in intensive care units. Early diagnosis of these conditions is of key importance for prognosis as it allows for proper treatment and prevents high mortality. Although there are various methods for the assessment of intra-abdominal pressure, a measurement u(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0033

Published Online: 28-September-2020

Ultrasonographic inferior vena cava collapsibility and distensibility indices for detecting the volume status of critically ill pediatric patients

Dincer Yildizdas/ Nagehan Aslan

Abstract Especially in recent years, the use of point-of-care ultrasound by non-radiologist clinicians has become widespread. Point-of-care ultrasound provides rapid responses to the problems of critically ill patients at the bedside. This technique has many important advantages, including being non-invasive, cheap, repeatable, painless, and radiation-free. Numerous studies have revealed the most important clinical benefits of point-of-care ultrasound use by pediatric intensive care providers. T(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0034

Published Online: 28-September-2020

High-resolution ultrasound of the ankles in Lofgren syndrome: attention to detail may be the key to diagnosis

Eleni E. Drakonaki/ Emmanouil K. Symvoulakis/ John Gliatis

Abstract We report the case of a 40-year-old man presenting at the emergency department with ankle and feet edema due to acute sarcoidosis (Lofgren syndrome). The diagnosis was suggested based on an ultrasound examination showing bilateral asymmetrical tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons with hypervascular subcutaneous cellulitis without any significant ankle and foot joint effusion or synovitis. This case report highlights the crucial role of ultrasound imaging as the first-line diagnostic tool(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0035

Published Online: 28-September-2020

Gallbladder-duodenal fistula detected by ultrasound – a case report

Dominika Jaguś/ Aakanksha Karthik/ Zhi Ying Tan/ Robert Krzysztof Mlosek/ Ewa Białek

Abstract Gallbladder-duodenal (cholecystoduodenal) fistula is an uncommon bilioenteric fistula between the gallbladder and the duodenum. It usually occurs following a chronic case of cholecystitis upon which the gallbladder adheres to the adjacent duodenum, and a stone penetrates through the wall. The case presented herein is that of a gallbladder-duodenal fistula detected primarily with the use of ultrasound imaging, and subsequently confirmed by computed tomography. The patient is a 54-year-ol(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0036

Published Online: 28-September-2020

B-mode and color Doppler imaging of carotid paragangliomas in different neck regions

Antigone Delantoni/ Apostolos Sarafopoulos/ Aspasia Polanagnostaki/ Kaan Orhan

Abstract Glomus tumors or paragangliomas are rare benign neoplasms which are very uncommon in the head and neck region. They grow slowly from paraganglion cells, which serve various regulatory tasks in the body and form the basis of the extra-adrenal neuroendocrine system. They have benign properties, but tend to cause local invasion and expansion to adjacent anatomic structures. The majority of glomus tumor cases are incidental findings, since the clinical symptoms are mostly absent. The purpos(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0037

Published Online: 28-September-2020

Perianal lesions as an unusual first manifestation of Crohn’s disease in pediatric patients – case series

Monika Zbroja/ Weronika Cyranka/ Maryla Kuczyńska/ Agnieszka Brodzisz/ Magdalena Maria Woźniak

Abstract Primary symptoms of Crohn’s disease usually include, among others, abdominal pain and cramping, recurrent diarrhea, fever and weight loss. The aim of this study was to show the effectiveness of ultrasound in the diagnosis and assessment of the extent of perianal complications in Crohn’s disease. Five patients (four boys and one girl) aged from 13 to 16 years, with prolonged pain in the perianal area, which worsened when sitting, were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterol(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0038

Published Online: 28-September-2020

Ovarian inguinal hernia

Saika Amreen/ Yawar Yaseen

Abstract Indirect inguinal hernia is a common congenital abnormality in children. In female infants, herniation of the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus has been reported. Herniation of the ovaries is a rare congenital condition that may be complicated by strangulation, torsion, and infertility. A 6-week-old female infant presented with visible swelling in the right inguinal region. This case highlights the utility of ultrasonography as a cheap and easily available imaging technique that can b(..)

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0039

Published Online: 28-September-2020

POCUS in COVID-19: a dynamic tool during RSI

Prakash Ranjan Mishra/ Sanjeev Bhoi/ Roshan Matthew/ Tej Prakash Sinha

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0040

Published Online: 28-September-2020

Longitudinal antero-inferior approach for ultrasound-guided hip joint injection

Mustafa Turgut Yildizgoren

DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2020.0041

Published Online: 28-September-2020