research-article | 30-November-2018
mothers can pass on immune factors, such as antibodies, to their progeny through colostrum, milk, yolk eggs, etc. (Brambell, 1970; Grindstaff et al., 2003). Invertebrates lack the adaptive immune response of vertebrates; nevertheless, maternal effects on innate immunity have also been observed in several invertebrates in response to exposure to parasites or immunostimulants as reviewed in Pigeault et al. (2016). This response is termed transgenerational immune priming and can lead to a wide spectrum
Chang Liu,
Pingsheng Ji,
Patricia Timper
Journal of Nematology, Volume 51 , 1–8