Article | 28-August-2018
considered as references, while the others were reinforced with GFRP bars. The specimens were made using normal and high strength concrete. All specimens showed similarity in the structural behavior and load pattern, the results show that Steel reinforced walls have 28% higher ultimate load than corresponding GFRP reinforced walls, also an approximate linear increase in the failure load with increasing in flexural GFRP reinforcement in range from 40.4% to 98.8% for NSC walls and in range of 70% to 115.1
Yaarub Gatia ABTAN,
Hassan Falah HASSAN
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 10 , ISSUE 2, 55–63
Research Article | 12-February-2019
Abstract
The paper presents the results of the Authors’ tests on the joints in AAC masonry walls. The shape of the tested element and the test stand were fitted innovatively based on the Authors’ own experience as well as on the literature overview and numerical analysis. Cracking morphology and mode of failure were investigated. The relationship between the load and displacement for different types of joins was compared. The obtained results were also compared to the results obtained on the
Iwona GALMAN,
Radosław JASIŃSKI
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 11 , ISSUE 4, 79–92
Article | 28-August-2018
Environmental noise is a major problem that affects citizen’s health and comfort mainly in densely populated urban areas. There are some ways to reduce environmental noise pollution through the use of materials with good acoustic insulation properties in buildings envelope. Recent studies have shown that green surfaces, e.g. in the form of green roofs and green walls, can contribute to decrease noise levels. The aim of this research is to identify how factors such as substrate and plants
Maria MANSO,
João Paulo CASTRO-GOMES,
Michal MARCHACZ,
Marcin GÓRSKI,
Leszek DULAK,
Rafał ZUCHOWSKI
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 10 , ISSUE 2, 99–108
Article | 26-August-2018
Experiences of past earthquakes show that some designed and constructed buildings by engineers have been damaged during earthquakes because of negative effects of infill walls. The main aim of this paper is to prevent the amount of overall detrimental effects of infill walls such as torsion and soft story in a conventional residential building based on seismic codes of some countries and to use the maximum potential of walls. The results show that building in construction condition may suffer
Azadeh NOORIFARD,
Mohammad Reza TABESHPOUR,
Fatemeh Mehdizadeh SARADJ
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 9 , ISSUE 2, 77–92
Article | 27-August-2018
temperatures. The cooperation between individual layers also has an impact on energy efficiency and on the microclimate of a given building. This paper will present different ways of energy activation in external walls with a special focus on the photovoltaic panels/modules (PV), the transparent insulation (TIM) and phase change materials (PCM). New materials can be included in the partition structure in different configurations such as a single or a bi-material component for improving thermal effects.
Jarosław FIGASZEWSKI,
Joanna SOKOŁOWSKA-MOSKWIAK
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 10 , ISSUE 1, 5–10
Research Article | 12-February-2019
Abstract
The article presents chosen issues related to the heat insulation of complex structure walls. Subjects covered in this study are building partitions that had been constructed in the so called “Prussian wall” technique and are located in the Upper Silesia region. Their technical condition as well as usable state are not satisfactory, especially in the light of thermal protection. One way of increasing their standard is insulating partitions. In case of historical monuments or rich
Bożena ORLIK-KOŻDOŃ,
Agnieszka SZYMANOWSKA-GWIŻDŻ
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 11 , ISSUE 4, 123–134
Article | 28-August-2018
The paper presents a method for a parametric shaping of innovative building free forms covered with corrugated steel shell roofs and flat glass elevation walls. Each shell roof is made of plane steel sheets folded in one direction and transformed elastically into spatial shape. The obtained shapes can be really diversified sectors of various ruled surfaces. Therefore there is a great need for creating such a method that leads to a fine integration of the shapes of a free form shell roof and
ABRAMCZYK Jacek
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 10 , ISSUE 3, 5–18
research-article | 31-December-2019
anterior and posterior vaginal walls were assessed (Fig. 8, Fig. 9) and transperineally (Fig. 10 A), transabdominally (Fig. 10 B).
Fig. 8.
HFUS of the anterior vaginal wall (small arrow: mucosa; thick arrow: muscle layer; long arrow: adventitia) with the adjacent wall of the urinary bladder (area between asterisks)
Fig. 9.
HFUS of the posterior vaginal wall with the adjacent rectal wall. Mucosa of the posterior vaginal wall (arrow), muscle layer (large arrow), adventitia (thick arrow). The layered
Marian Stanisław Migda,
Michał Migda,
Rafał Słapa,
Robert Krzysztof Mlosek,
Bartosz Migda
Journal of Ultrasonography, Volume 19 , ISSUE 79, 261–268
Article | 21-April-2019
Tim Goddard
Journal of Educational Leadership, Policy and Practice, Volume 30 , ISSUE 1, 106–118
Article | 26-August-2018
The paper presents issues associated with moisture presence in the wall partitions. As the wall material a lime-hemp composite was selected. Materials containing organic components are sensitive to excessive amount of moisture. One of the most important sources of moisture in the walls is diffusive water vapor, which may condense inside the partition. An important parameter of wall material is water vapor permeability. Inappropriate indor air relative humidity and the temperature of the wall
Przemysław BRZYSKI
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 9 , ISSUE 2, 47–56
Research Article | 12-February-2019
, but staircase constructed by means of stringer beam only acts as a bracing in longitudinal direction. Stiffness caused by small span, inclined RC slabs and perimeter infill walls of staircase, based on the staircase location and the number of structural bays could change mode shape and lead to torsion. Along ladder running, staircase leads shear force and bending moment of columns adjacent to the landing to increase, while the internal forces of others to decrease. The majority of adverse effects
Azadeh NOORIFARD,
Mohammad Reza TABESHPOUR
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 11 , ISSUE 4, 105–122
research-article | 30-November-2018
construction. According to Lapin, Y. N. [4], with a few exceptions, all energy costs of the building are thermal by nature, since almost all the energy emitted in the house – mechanical, electrical or radiant passes into a thermal form before leaving the building.
The heat-power energy in the low-rise buildings is generally lost in three main directions (Fig. 1):
–through opaque enclosures (walls, floor, ceiling);
–through translucent enclosing structures (windows, rooflights);
–due to ventilation
Yuriy BIKS,
Georgiy RATUSHNYAK,
Olga RATUSHNYAK
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 12 , ISSUE 3, 55–67
Research Article | 15-February-2020
Marconi 6200A microwave test set. Results of experimental test confirm that microwaves can be used as an alternative nondestructive method for identifying different object behind the walls.
P. Kot,
A. Shaw,
K. O. Jones,
J. D. Cullen,
A. Mason,
A. I. Al-Shamma’a
International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Volume 7 , ISSUE 5, 1–5
Original Paper | 15-March-2016
The microbiology of caves is an important topic for better understanding subsurface biosphere diversity. The diversity and taxonomic composition of bacterial communities associated with cave walls of the Oylat Cave was studied first time by molecular cloning basedon Sanger/pyrosequencing approach. Results showed an average of 1,822 operational taxonomic units per sample. Clones analyzed from Oylat Cave were found to belong to 10 common phyla within the domain Bacteria. Proteobacteria dominated
Yasemin Gulecal-Pektas
Polish Journal of Microbiology, Volume 65 , ISSUE 1, 69–75
Article | 09-August-2018
Iwona Galman
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 9 , ISSUE 1, 71–78
Article | 09-April-2018
With the rapid increase of labor cost in domestic service industry, it provides a powerful driving force for rapid development of service robot. Vacuum cleaner Robot as a service robot, you can replace the people to clean rooms, workshops, walls and so on. In this paper, the structure and function of the robot's measurement and control system, the type and function of the selected sensor are introduced. The structure of the motor control system and the driving principle of the motor are
Zhang Wei
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls, Volume 2 , ISSUE 4, 133–136
Review | 06-August-2019
optimization was performed for four different types of glazing. Glazing systems were prepared with the use of Window 7.4 software [40].
Windows area (glazing + frame) defined by the sixteen discrete values of windows size. Depending on the size of the window the frame surface is automatically calculated for each window.
External walls, ground floor and ceiling to the unheated attic defined by the thickness of polystyrene and mineral wool. Six options for all kinds of partition are considered.
Orientation
Krzysztof GRYGIEREK,
Joanna FERDYN-GRYGIEREK
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 12 , ISSUE 2, 81–90
Research Article | 22-May-2019
Chitin, an insoluble linear β-1,4-linked polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose. It is present in cell walls of several fungi, exoskeletons of insects and crustacean shells. Enzymatic hydrolysis of this polysaccharide is carried out in the presence of glycoside hydrolases-chitinases. They are produced by microorganisms, insects, plants, and animal, but it is the bacterial chitinases which play a fundamental role in degradation
Anna Kisiel,
Ewa Kępczyńska
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology, Volume 56 , ISSUE 3, 306–315
research-article | 30-November-2020
than cephalic papillae.
Amphidial fovea cup-shaped, opening (oval to ellipsoid) at level of anterior denticle above dorsal tooth apex, 3–6 µm in diameter and occupying 1/5–1/6 of lip region width. Stoma consists of a vestibulum and a buccal cavity 1.4–1.7 times as long as wide, with 2–4 µm thick walls and tapering at its base, funnel shaped. Dorsal tooth of medium size situated in lower anterior half of buccal cavity, its apex sharply pointed, located 30–34 µm or 75–81% of the buccal cavity length
Candice Jansen van Rensburg,
Hendrika Fourie,
Samad Ashrafi,
Milad Rashidifard
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–10
Article | 14-October-2020
Haifa El-sadi,
Shady Sally,
Alex Bossart,
Dilhan Kalyon
International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls, Volume 5 , ISSUE 3, 9–15
research-article | 30-November-2019
shown in Fig. 4A. Host tissues at the sides of the cavity around the invading nematodes disappeared as if they had disintegrated.
Transmission electron microscopy
Artifacts generated by freezing in liquid nitrogen during sampling included the collapse of the cytoplasm and fragmentation of plasma membranes in uninoculated apices (Fig. 6A). However, artifacts were minimal on the cell walls and starch grains of host cells (Fig. 6A). By contrast, the epidermis and cortex around invading nematodes
Shigeru Uematsu,
Tetsuo Yabu,
Mitsuyoshi Yao,
Takayuki Kurihara,
Hironori Koga
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–9
research-article | 30-November-2017
1.
INTRODUCTION
As reported by Central Statistical Office of Poland (GUS), it is estimated that the number of dwellings in Poland amounts to 13.5 millions [1]. Until 1985 the erected buildings had been extremely energy consuming and often without thermal insulation. The time had been characterized by the lack of strict requirements concerning the maximum heat transfer coefficient in outdoor walls: during 1960s – (1.16÷1.42 W/(m2K)) and 1980s (0.75 W/(m2K))[2]. Pursuant to Journal of Laws Dz.U
Monika BLASZCZOK,
Andrzej BARANOWSKI
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 11 , ISSUE 3, 121–130
Research Article | 21-April-2017
secondary collision. In some cases tables have tended to be structurally weak; they easily detach from the side walls and/or floor mounting. Subsequently these become unguided missiles that strike occupants, resulting in injuries. This paper presents an analysis of the crash performance of a typical bay table. The results provide some understanding of the table’s crash safety, giving an indication of its impact aggression. Table materials are characterised using quasi-static compressive tests. In
Emmanuel MATSIKA,
Qian PENG
Transport Problems, Volume 10 , ISSUE SE, 97–110
Original Paper | 31-January-2019
) endometrial thickness in the vaginal delivery and cesarean section groups were 13.3 (4–25) and 12.4 (4–29) mm, respectively. Fundus-cervix length was significantly higher in the vaginal delivery group compared to the cesarean section group (184.05 ± 16.8 vs 163.6 ± 6.7 mm, p <0.001). The measurements of anterior and anterior-posterior walls of the uterus, anteroposterior uterine length and uterine width were similar in both groups. Promontorium-fundus length was significantly higher in patients who
Isil Uzun Cilingir,
Cenk Sayin,
Havva Sutcu,
Ebru Alici,
Cihan Inan,
Selen Erzincan,
Cem Yener,
Fusun Varol
Journal of Ultrasonography, Volume 18 , ISSUE 75, 310–315
research-article | 15-June-2020
beginning to affect more and more social groups. Atherosclerosis is currently defined as a generalized, dynamic and heterogeneous inflammatory and immune process that involves arterial walls. It may lead to blood flow obstruction in the affected vessel, which entails the occurrence of certain defined clinical signs and symptoms. A structure called atherosclerotic plaque is central to the disorders induced by atherosclerosis(2) (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1.
Atherosclerotic plaque: a schematic
In accordance with
Andrzej Fedak,
Katarzyna Ciuk,
Andrzej Urbanik
Journal of Ultrasonography, Volume 20 , ISSUE 81, e135–e145
Article | 21-July-2017
involving both root epidermis and cortical cells. Degradation of consecutive cell walls resulted in loss of cell pressure, lack of cytoplasmic integrity, followed by cell death along the intracellular path of the nematode’s migration. Pratylenchus penetrans was never seen in the vascular cylinder as the layer of collapsed endodermal cells presumably blocked the progression of nematodes into this area of the roots. This study presents the first detailed cytological
PAULO VIEIRA,
JOSEPH MOWERY,
JAMES KILCREASE,
JONATHAN D. EISENBACK,
KATHRYN KAMO
Journal of Nematology, Volume 49 , ISSUE 1, 2–11
Article | 26-August-2018
provisions and standards. That is why the work uses the price per set of two windows as a decisive and most essential criterion. The employed research method involves selecting windows available on the market with different thermal, acoustic parameters and price, and then using the AHP method the best solution was chosen for a wide variety of structural walls significantly different in heat transfer coefficient. The result of the work is to determine the windows parameters applied for a variety of wall
Artur NOWOŚWIAT,
Monika LESZCZYŃSKA
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 9 , ISSUE 3, 95–104
research-article | 30-November-2017
temperature in premises as: heat transfer coefficients through windows and external walls as well as window solar heat gain coefficient should be small and there should be no radiant panel heating, cooling systems or devices generating significant heat gains in premises. There are, however, no detailed guidelines under which conditions the air temperature should be adjusted for the effect of mean radiant temperature. There is lack of systematic analysis of the effect of different building characteristics
Jan KACZMARCZYK,
Joanna FERDYN-GRYGIEREK,
Andrzej BARANOWSKI
Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment, Volume 11 , ISSUE 2, 107–114
research-article | 28-September-2020
Introduction
The sheer number of methods currently used to image the precranial segments of carotid arteries (vessel walls, blood flow and atherosclerotic plaque itself) proves that it has not been possible yet to establish definitively which of them should be the gold standard for both determining the presence and assessing the severity of atherosclerosis, a disease that is one of the main causes of death and disability in Europe(1).
Over the last 20 years B-mode ultrasound combined with
Andrzej Fedak,
Robert Chrzan,
Ositadima Chukwu,
Andrzej Urbanik
Journal of Ultrasonography, Volume 20 , ISSUE 82, 191–200
Article | 01-March-2015
An intelligent space is a space constructed with many networked sensors. Humans and robots in the space are extracted and tracked cooperatively by the networked sensors. The intelligent space can achieve position-based supports to humans and robots according to integration of networked sensors. Generally, the networked sensors are distributed and fixed on the structures in the space such as walls, ceilings and etc. In order to track moving objects such as humans and robots in the intelligent
Fumitaka Hashikawa,
Kazuyuki Morioka
International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Volume 8 , ISSUE 1, 1–25