Article | 14-October-2020
Use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to promote adsorption of autoantibodies is reported to give good recovery of concomitant alloantibodies. In initial experiments, PEG and ZZAP (Ficin and DTT) adsorption procedures were compared for removal of autoantibody and recovery of alloantibody. Postadsorption studies (n = 11) were performed and hemagglutination scores compared. In subsequent studies, equal volumes of alloantibody containing sera, PEG, and antigen-negative red blood cells (RBCs) were used
W. John Judd,
Louann Dake
Immunohematology, Volume 17 , ISSUE 3, 82–85
Article | 01-April-2020
The low-prevalence MNS blood group antigenTSEN is located at the junction of glycophorinA (GPA) to glycophorin B (GPB) in several hybrid glycophorin molecules. Extremely rare people have RBCs with a double dose of theTSEN antigen and have made an antibody to a high-prevalence MNS antigen. We report the first patient who is heterozygous for GYP.JL and Mk. During prenatal tests,an alloantibody to a high-prevalence antigen was detected in the serum of a 21-year-old Hispanic woman. The antibody
John Ratliff,
Susan Veneman,
Joan Ward,
Christine Lomas-Francis,
Kim Hue-Roye,
Randall W. Velliquette,
Laima Sausais,
Twilla Maldonado,
Janet Miyamoto,
Yolanda Martin,
David Slater,
Marion E. Reid
Immunohematology, Volume 23 , ISSUE 4, 146–149
Report | 01-December-2019
Alloantibody reactivity is approximately 0.3 percent in blood donors worldwide. The present study established total alloantibody and clinically significant alloantibody (CSAA) frequencies in all Colombian Red Cross National Blood Bank donors (almost all donors were Colombian). The probability of these alloantibodies reacting with a specific antigen in the general population was also determined, focusing on male CSAA data because routine practice in this blood bank is to discard female plasma
Michel Andrés García,
Leonardo Bautista,
Fernando Palomino
Immunohematology, Volume 28 , ISSUE 2, 60–66
Original Paper | 09-October-2019
HIA (12.5% of all, 13.8% of those with a documented exposure). Two of these four patients (50%) had made an alloantibody to another antigen. The odds of forming an antibody to an HIA were not related to the total number of transfusions (p = 0.47), the total number of alloantibodies (p = 0.61), or diagnosis of sickle cell disease (p = 0.77) in simple logistic regression. Adjustment for the other two variables in a multiple logistic regression was also not significant for each variable (p = 0.6, p
Patricia A.R. Brunker,
Keerthana Ravindran,
R. Sue Shirey
Immunohematology, Volume 33 , ISSUE 1, 9–14
Report | 26-October-2019
Anju Dubey,
Atul Sonker,
Rajendra K. Chaudhary
Immunohematology, Volume 31 , ISSUE 1, 1–6
Article | 17-February-2021
Chronic transfusion in patients with thalassemia is often complicated by red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies to the lacking antigens on the patients’ RBCs. The prevalence of alloantibodies ranges from 4.25 to 37 percent in patients with thalassemia.1–6 Clinically significant alloantibodies can shorten transfused erythrocyte survival due to hemolytic transfusion reactions. To reduce the alloantibody risk, RBC antigen serotyping for Rh (C, c, E, e) and MNS hybrid glycophorins, especially for MNS7
P. Watanaboonyongcharoen,
S. Onspun,
P. Rojnuckarin
Immunohematology, Volume 36 , ISSUE 4, 137–145
case-report | 25-June-2021
D.J.A.M. Talabong,
W.E. Kelley
Immunohematology, Volume 37 , ISSUE 2, 84–88
Letter to Editor | 14-December-2020
Susan Rolih,
Peter D. Issitt
Immunohematology, Volume 7 , ISSUE 3, 83–84
Report | 01-December-2019
J. Ryan Nobles,
Clare Wong
Immunohematology, Volume 29 , ISSUE 1, 5–10
Article | 28-April-2020
Martin Maley,
David G. Bruce,
Roderick G. Babb,
Angus W. Wells,
Mark Williams
Immunohematology, Volume 21 , ISSUE 3, 122–125
Case report | 09-October-2019
Anti-Ata is a rare alloantibody that can be clinically significant. We report a case of a woman who, after emergency-released uncrossmatched red blood cell transfusion, experienced an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction attributed to anti-Ata. The case presented herein highlights the importance of recognizing that anti-Ata may indeed cause acute hemolytic reactions.
Jay S. Raval,
Sarah K. Harm,
Bethann Wagner,
Darrell J. Triulzi,
Mark H. Yazer
Immunohematology, Volume 32 , ISSUE 4, 140–142
Case report | 27-December-2020
A patient whose red blood cells (RBCs) typed as Ge:2,3 produced an alloantibody to a high-frequency antigen in the Gerbich system. This antibody was shown to be nonreactive with Ge: -2, -3 RBCs using adsorption-elution studies. A monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) suggested that transfusion of Ge:2,3 RBCs to this patient would have reduced in vivo survival.
Michael I. Gorman,
Bobbye Woody
Immunohematology, Volume 5 , ISSUE 2, 55–57
Article | 18-October-2020
Many transfusion services are reluctant to accept red blood cell (RBC) units containing antibodies. We evaluated the impact of accepting routine shipments of our region’s inventory of alloantibody-positive RBC units over a 4-month period. All patients’ samples received up to 30 days after transfusion of such units were evaluated for the presence of passively acquired antibody, and labor and reagent costs were determined. During the study period, we received 259 alloantibody
Martha R. Combs,
Donald H. Bennett,
Marilyn J. Telen
Immunohematology, Volume 16 , ISSUE 3, 120–123
Review | 01-December-2019
Christina Barron
Immunohematology, Volume 30 , ISSUE 4, 153–155
Report | 29-October-2019
Carla Luana Dinardo,
Sílvia Leão Bonifácio,
Alfredo Mendrone Júnior
Immunohematology, Volume 30 , ISSUE 1, 1–5
Article | 09-November-2020
RBCs, and PEG for 15 minutes at 37°C. The PEG/serum mixture was harvested and used for testing. Six drops of the PEG/serum mixture were tested against reagent RBCs for 15 minutes at 37°C. An antiglobulin test was then performed using anti-IgG. The PEG adsorption technique took a total of 10 hours to completely eliminate autoantibody reactivity in all 19 samples. The reference method required a total of 59.5 hours to adsorb the autoantibodies in all 19 samples. Two weak alloantibody
Christina L. Barron,
Mary Beth Brown
Immunohematology, Volume 13 , ISSUE 4, 119–122
Article | 16-October-2019
Cold-reactive autoagglutinins may mask the presence of underlying clinically significant alloantibodies. Adsorption with rabbit red blood cells (RBCs) or stroma can remove cold autoagglutinins found in the patient’s plasma/serum that are directed towards antigens expressed on the surface of rabbit RBCs. By removing these cold autoagglutinins, it is then possible to determine whether any underlying alloantibody reactivity is present. Although this method may also unintentionally adsorb
Adam Cobaugh
Immunohematology, Volume 34 , ISSUE 2, 46–48
Review | 06-December-2020
Louis DePalma
Immunohematology, Volume 8 , ISSUE 2, 33–37
Case report | 26-October-2019
antibody screening has been unremarkable, particularly when electronic crossmatch is used, because of the potential for an alloantibody against a lowprevalence antigen.
Ashwini Bennett,
Ray K. Boyapati,
Frank S. Hong
Immunohematology, Volume 31 , ISSUE 4, 163–165
Review | 26-October-2019
alloantibody directed against CD59 was found only recently. So far, the first and sole alloantibody described was detected in a CD59-deficient child. In 2014, CD59 received the status of a blood group system by the International Society for Blood Transfusion Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology Working Party. Among a variety of almost 20 synonyms, the designation CD59 was chosen for the blood group system and CD59.1 for the wild-type protein. The only three alleles published to date are null
Christof Weinstock,
Markus Anliker,
Inge von Zabern
Immunohematology, Volume 31 , ISSUE 4, 145–151
Review | 16-October-2019
This review was derived from a presentation made on September 2, 2016, for the first Academy Day presented by the Working Party on Immunohematology at the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Congress in Dubai. The focus of this review is on the clinical significance of alloimmunization in transfusion—specifically, the parameters that contribute to a clinically significant alloantibody. The areas of focus were as follows: Introduction, Technical Aspects, and Indications and
Sandra J. Nance
Immunohematology, Volume 34 , ISSUE 1, 11–15
Case report | 01-December-2019
Currently DNA-based analysis of blood groups is mainly used to improve transfusion safety by reducing alloantibody formation in multiply transfused patients and by monitoring pregnancies at risk for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. We present a case in which genotyping was performed after massive transfusion with unmatched group O, D– blood in a trauma setting. Our patient was genotyped as O1A1 and predicted to be D–, and we therefore transfused group A, D– red
Joyce Curvers,
Volkher Scharnhorst,
Masja de Haas,
Loes Warnier-Wandel,
Daan van de Kerkhof
Immunohematology, Volume 28 , ISSUE 3, 85–87
Review | 06-December-2020
disease states and in pregnancy, associated with production of apparent alloantibody, remains puzzling, but this phenomenon may eventually help our understanding of the immunology of disease.
Jill Storry
Immunohematology, Volume 8 , ISSUE 4, 87–93
Article | 14-October-2020
Toyohiro Tamai,
Toshio Mazda
Immunohematology, Volume 17 , ISSUE 1, 17–21
Article | 01-April-2020
Christine Lomas-Francis,
Rosyln Yomtovian,
Claire McGrath,
Phyllis S. Walker,
Marion E. Reid
Immunohematology, Volume 23 , ISSUE 4, 158–160
Report | 01-December-2019
(3.0%) had one or more unexpected RBC antibodies. Of these 264 women, 107 (40.5%), or 1.2 percent overall, had an alloantibody known to cause HDFN, with a total of 15 different alloantibodies identified. The most common alloantibody found was anti-E (n = 33), followed by anti-M (n = 26) and anti-D (n = 20). In pregnancies of D– women, the most common clinically significant antibodies found were anti-D (n = 20), anti-C (n = 11), and anti-E (n = 2). In pregnancies of D+ women, the most common
Heather M. Smith,
Rosetta S. Shirey,
Sandra K. Thoman,
Jay B. Jackson
Immunohematology, Volume 29 , ISSUE 4, 127–130
Article | 30-November-2020
The red cells of a white male blood donor typed as Rh:-1, -2, -3, w4, w5, 6, -17, w19, -31, -32, -34, and -46. Although the donor has no history of transfusion, his serum contains an alloantibody that is weakly reactive with most red blood cells (RBCs) tested. Only Rhnull and D-- RBCs are nonreactive. Reactivity is enhanced with ficin- or papain-treated RBCs and is unaffected by AET or DTT treatment of the RBCs. Previously described Rh:-46 RBCs have been of deletion types D--, D•&bull
Jill Storry,
Michael Gorman,
Nancy I. Maddox,
Ella Toy,
Peter D. Issitt,
Delores M. Mallory
Immunohematology, Volume 10 , ISSUE 4, 130–133
Review | 20-March-2020
formation, antibodies to human platelet antigens (HPAs), an even less common immune factor, may rise proportionately. Carefully matched apheresis platelets can substantially improve platelet count increments in the setting of HLA and HPA alloantibody-mediated transfusion refractoriness. An evidence-based HPA testing strategy is described along with the incidence and specificity of HPA antibodies in platelet transfusion refractoriness. Optimal strategies to manage patients with HPA or combined HPA and
Ralph R. Vassallo
Immunohematology, Volume 25 , ISSUE 3, 119–124
Article | 14-December-2020
were reviewed. There were 41 (3.88%) procedural errors and no misidentification errors. In 25 workups (61% of errors), the selection of cells to rule out underlying alloantibody(ies) was in error. The remaining 16 involved various “slips” (minor mistakes or memory lapses) and clerical errors. Based on an analysis of the probable causes of these errors, potential solutions include 1) developing computer aids to detect “rule-out” errors or missing tests results; 2) providing
Patricia L. Strohm,
Philip J. Smith,
Jane M. Fraser,
Thomas E. Miller,
Sally V. Rudmann,
Jack W. Smith, Jr.,
John R. Svirbely,
Janice F. Blazina,
Melanie S. Kennedy
Immunohematology, Volume 7 , ISSUE 1, 20–22
Article | 21-April-2020
The Cromer blood group system consists of ten high-prevalence and three low-prevalence antigens carried on decay-accelerating factor (DAF). DAF is found in the cell membranes of RBCs, granulocytes,platelets,and lymphocytes and is widely represented in other body tissues. Sequence analyses of DNA were performed on a blood sample from a 91-year-old Japanese woman whose serum contained an alloantibody to a high-prevalence antigen in the Cromer blood group system (anti-IFC). A blood sample from her
Kim Hue-Roye,
Vivien E. Powell,
Gita Patel,
Debra Lane,
Mariska Maguire,
Amy Chung,
Marion E. Reid
Immunohematology, Volume 21 , ISSUE 2, 53–55
Review | 26-October-2019
, and alloantibodies to Kell antigens can cause transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Kell alloantibodies in pregnancy are known to suppress erythropoiesis, which can result in serious disease despite low amniotic bilirubin levels and low antibody titers. Late-onset anemia with reticulocytopenia is thought to be attributable to the continual suppression of erythropoiesis from residual alloantibody in the infant. Alloimmunization to XK protein is rare, and expressed
Gregory A. Denomme
Immunohematology, Volume 31 , ISSUE 1, 14–19
Article | 20-April-2020
could establish a useful HPA- and HLA-matched plateletpheresis donor file and provide an improvement of platelet alloantibody detection in alloimmune thrombocytopenic patients,and,therefore,a more effective platelet transfusion program.
Pawinee Kupatawintu,
Oytip Nathalang,
Rachanee O-Charoen,
Pimpicha Patmasiriwat
Immunohematology, Volume 21 , ISSUE 1, 5–9
Case report | 09-November-2020
Four months after a D– male was transfused with four units of D– red blood cells (RBCs), the results of a standard pretransfusion antibody screen and alloantibody identification panel detected anti-C+D in his serum. This report was interpreted by his physician to be evidence of alloimmunization to the D antigen, which triggered concern that the patient had been transfused previously with D+ RBCs as the result of an error in blood typing or personal identification. After a review of
Archiaus L. Mosley, Jr.,
Mary Beth Trich,
Nanette C. Thomas,
S. Gerald Sandler
Immunohematology, Volume 13 , ISSUE 2, 58–60
Report | 25-March-2020
, electronic selection of units antigen-matched at multiple blood group loci is then possible. This paper discusses the potential of this approach to improve transfusion therapy by reducing or eliminating alloantibody production in specific patient populations. These include patients facing long-term transfusion therapy and at high risk for sensitization; patients with warm autoantibodies when compatibility cannot be demonstrated by standard methods; and women for whom the production of
Connie M. Westhoff
Immunohematology, Volume 24 , ISSUE 4, 190–195
Article | 31-December-2020
destruction of RBCs during subsequent incompatible transfusions. To study this question, blood samples were collected from six patients with a single atypical alloantibody, seven to nine months after 51Cr RBC survival studies had been performed in an unrelated protocol. Blood had not been transfused in the interim. The samples were tested in parallel with pre-survival samples for change in antibody titer and score. In addition, RBCs used for the 51Cr survival study, sensitized in vitro with pre- and post
Susan S. Esty,
Delores Mallory,
Richard J. Davey,
Tracy Wahl,
Julie Zswisza
Immunohematology, Volume 3 , ISSUE 1, 6–8
Article | 10-April-2021
also to determine the cutoff titer value that determines a plasma component to be unsafe.8,9
Unexpected alloantibodies are normally produced through immunization by blood transfusion or pregnancy. Alloantibodies such as anti-M, anti-P1, anti-H, and anti-I can occur without previous RBC exposure. It has been shown that microbial elements or environmental factors are also involved in alloantibody production.10 Alloantibodies are important in transfusion medicine and can cause complications
S. Arabi,
M. Moghaddam,
A.A. Pourfathollah,
A. Aghaie,
M. Mosaed
Immunohematology, Volume 37 , ISSUE 1, 5–12
Article | 26-October-2020
with ficin- or papain-treated RBCs. Monocyte monolayer assays using Jk(a+) RBCs sensitized by either twins' serum were nonreactive (0%). RBCs from both parents typed as Jk(a+b+). Both parents’ antibody detection test results by SPRCA assay were negative. The absence of a history of exposure to allogeneic RBCs or possible passive transfer of maternal or other alloantibody classifies these antibodies as naturally-occurring anti-Jka.
Dawn H. Rumsey,
Sandra J. Nance,
Mary Rubino,
S. Gerald Sandler
Immunohematology, Volume 15 , ISSUE 4, 159–162
Article | 18-October-2020
of follow up. An exchange transfusion was excluded due to the lack of a compatible donor and the physical condition of the mother precluded blood donation. The maternal RBCs were D+C–c–E–e–; only G and Rh29 of the Rh system were expressed. Thus, her probable phenotype was D––/D––. Her alloantibody was identified as anti-Hr0 (anti-Rh17) as it reacted with all red blood cells (RBCs) but not her own, other D--– RBCs, and Rhnull RBCs. The results
Barbara Żupańska,
B. Lenkiewicz
Immunohematology, Volume 16 , ISSUE 3, 109–111
Report | 16-October-2019
Kell (K) system antigens in Nigeria with the goal of understanding alloimmunization risk in transfusion recipients and improving transfusion safety through the availability of resources, such as antisera for extended RBC typing and antigen panels for alloantibody detection. A multi-ethnic cohort of 302 healthy Nigerian individuals was created to study RBC antigen prevalence. The antigen status of these individuals for Rh and K antigens was determined using commercially prepared antisera and
Ademola Samson Adewoyin,
Grace Ming Lee,
Titilope Adenike Adeyemo,
Omolade Augustina Awodu
Immunohematology, Volume 34 , ISSUE 2, 61–65
Case report | 01-December-2019
type 4.2.2, in 1 of 18 with weak D type 11, in 1 of 17 with weak D type 15, and in 1 weak D type 33 individual. Anti-D was demonstrated to be an alloantibody in weak D type 4.0, type 4.2.2, and type 15 individuals, but an autoantibody in weak D type 11 and type 33 individuals. In conclusion, only a complete serologic investigation of individuals with a given weak D type identified by molecular analysis allows concluding on the nature of the antibody. Transfusing weak D type 4.2.2 and type 15
Bach-Nga Pham,
Michèle Roussel,
Dominique Gien,
Maryline Ripaux,
Carine Auxerre,
Pierre-Yves Le Pennec,
Christine Andre-Botte
Immunohematology, Volume 29 , ISSUE 2, 55–62
Article | 29-December-2020
An alloantibody to a high-incidence antigen, associated with multiple other alloantibodies, made it impossible to supply antigen-negative red blood cells (RBCs) for a chronically transfused sickle cell anemia patient. Anti-Cra, -E, -K, -S, -Fya, -Fyb, as well as anti-M reactive at 37°C and in the antiglobulin phase of testing, were identified in the patient’s serum. An extensive search of rare donor files at the American Red Cross and at the American Association of Blood
Mary B. Leatherbarrow,
Sandra S. Ellisor,
Patricia A. Collins,
Deborah K. Douglas,
Robert J. Eckrich,
Susan S. Esty,
Michael L. Baldwin,
Paul M. Ness
Immunohematology, Volume 4 , ISSUE 4, 71–74
Review | 01-April-2020
Jsb is a high-frequency antigen.Anti-Jsb is a rare alloantibody,and its clinical significance is poorly documented. We report a case in which a 12-year-old boy of Nigerian descent with sickle βthalassemia presented with multiple alloantibodies, including a panagglutinin and acute chest syndrome, necessitating the emergent transfusion of five units of phenotype-similar,crossmatchincompatible RBCs,four of which were given during an exchange transfusion. The patient was later found to have
Shan Yuan,
Nadia P. Ewing,
Debra Bailey,
Marissa Salvador,
Shirong Wang
Immunohematology, Volume 23 , ISSUE 2, 75–80