Mini Review
feature of Brucella is the ability to survive and multiply within both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. Brucella does not produce classical virulence factors: exotoxin, cytolisins, exoenzymes, plasmids, fimbria, and drug resistant forms. Major virulence factors are: lipopolysaccharide (LPS), T4SS secretion system and BvrR/BvrS system, which allow interaction with host cell surface, formation of an early, late BCV (Brucella Containing Vacuole) and interaction with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when
PATRYCJA GŁOWACKA,
DOROTA ŻAKOWSKA,
KATARZYNA NAYLOR,
MARCIN NIEMCEWICZ,
AGATA BIELAWSKA-DRÓZD
Polish Journal of Microbiology , ISSUE 2, 151–161
Article
contact with soil containing arthrospores [11, 20, 78].
3.
Pathogenesis and dermatophyte virulence factors
3.1.
Development of dermatophyte infection
Arthrospores, which are propagules of asexual reproduction created as a result of the fermentation of a fungus’ hyphae, are believed to be an infectious form of dermatophytes [76, 77, 78]. Two routes of transmission have been described in the literature for arthrospores: the direct and the indirect one [42]. The former refers to the direct contact of
Dominik Łagowski,
Sebastian Gnat,
Aneta Nowakiewicz,
Marcelina Osińska,
Przemysław Zięba
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology , ISSUE 2, 165–176
Research Article
Francisella tularensis is an intracellular bacterial pathogen which causes a potentially lethal disease named tularemia. Some studies have been conducted to describe and identify the virulence factors of F. tularensis. This pathogen is able to infect a variety of cells of various hosts, including wild animals, especially rabbits, hares and rodents, and humans. This may suggest that genes of F. tularensis must adapt to many different intraorganismal environments. Still, little is known about the
Kamila Formińska,
Aleksandra Anna Zasada
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology , ISSUE 2, 187–195
Research Article
during stressful conditions, among others. H. pylori OMV mediate transfer of virulence factors such as toxins and immunomodulatory compounds. They contribute to avoiding a response from the host immune system and inducing chronic gastritis. OMV secretion also affects the formation of cell aggregates, microcolonies and biofilm matrix. Enhanced OMV production is connected to maintenance of direct contact through cell-cell and cell-surface interactions. A key component of OMV, which determines their
Paweł Krzyżek
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology , ISSUE 3, 316–325
original-paper
the first time, the carriage of different genes encoding virulence factors among Cryptococcus and other yeast species found in pigeon feces in western Saudi Arabia.
Experimental
Materials and Methods
Sampling. A total of 100 samples of dried pigeon fecal droppings were collected from various locations within the city of Makkah, western Saudi Arabia, between May and November 2018. Each fecal sample was collected in a sterile universal bottle, protected from direct sunlight and transported to the
HUSSEIN H. ABULREESH,
SAMEER R. ORGANJI,
KHALED ELBANNA,
GAMAL E.H. OSMAN,
MESHAL H.K. ALMALKI,
AHMED Y. ABDEL-MALEK,
ABDULLAH A.K. GHYATHUDDIN,
IQBAL AHMAD
Polish Journal of Microbiology , ISSUE 4, 493–504
Original Paper
The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity and occurrence of bacteriocin structural genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from different cheeses and also investigate some of their virulence factors. Enterococcus strains were isolated from 33 different cheeses. Enterococcus faecium (6 strains) and Enterococcus faecalis (5 strains) enterocin-producing strains were identified by 16S rDNA analyses. Structural genes entA, entB, entP and entX were detected in some isolates
Mine Avci,
Banu Özden Tuncer
Polish Journal of Microbiology , ISSUE 2, 223–233
Original Paper
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram-positive human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases ranging from pharyngitis to life-threatening streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Recently, several global gene expression analyses have yielded extensive new information regarding the regulation of genes encoding known and putative virulence factors in GAS. A microarray analysis found that transcription of the GAS gene M5005_Spy_1343 was significantly increased in response to interaction with
Izabela Sitkiewicz,
James M. Musser
Polish Journal of Microbiology , ISSUE 1, 17–24
original-paper
immunity to ocular infections can be reduced by underlying diseases, operative procedures, the use of corticosteroids, hospitalization, and the use of medical devices (Teweldemedhin et al. 2017).
One of the main SA virulence factors that contribute to ocular infections is its ability to the formation of biofilms on the surface of biomedical implants or contact lenses (Cramton et al. 1999). Through this process, the bacteria become more resistant to various physicochemical stresses, e.g. antibiotics
MARTA KŁOS,
MONIKA POMORSKA-WESOŁOWSKA,
DOROTA ROMANISZYN,
AGNIESZKA CHMIELARCZYK,
JADWIGA WÓJKOWSKA-MACH
Polish Journal of Microbiology , ISSUE 4, 541–548
Article
Klaudyna Krause,
Klaudia Milewska,
Agnieszka Szalewska-Pałasz
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology , ISSUE 3, 247–258
Original Paper
Pseudomonas aeruginosa rods are one of the most commonly isolated microorganisms from clinical specimens, usually responsible for nosocomial infections. Antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa strains may present reduced expression of virulence factors. This fact may be caused by appropriate genome management to adapt to changing conditions of the hospital environment. Virulence factors genes maybe replaced by those crucial to survive, like antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this study was
Tomasz Bogiel,
Aleksander Deptuła,
Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg,
Małgorzata Prażyńska,
Agnieszka Mikucka,
Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
Polish Journal of Microbiology , ISSUE 4, 427–431
Article
Sylwia Joanna Chmielewska,
Katarzyna Leszczyńska
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology , ISSUE 1, 25–37
Article
virulence factors they generate: enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shiga toxinproducing E. coli (STEC) along with the subgroup of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) and diffusely-adherent E. coli (DAEC). Those E. coli strains that cause extraintestinal infections (ExPEC; Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli), comprise uropathogenic E. coli strains (UPEC; Uropathogenic
Michał Turniak,
Beata Sobieszczańska
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology , ISSUE 2, 143–152
Research Article
details, the mechanism of the Dsb systems functioning in other bacteria are rather poorly understood. Herein, we present the current methodology, both in vivo and in vitro experimental techniques, which allow us to understand the functioning of the Dsb proteins and has broaden our knowledge in the field of biochemistry and microbiology of this posttranslational protein modification. Many bacterial virulence factors are extracytoplasmic Dsb-dependent proteins. Thus, this system plays an important role
Elżbieta Katarzyna Jagusztyn-Krynicka,
Anna Marta Banaś,
Magdalena Joanna Grzeszczuk
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology , ISSUE 3, 326–334
Original Paper
species were the most adhesive strains to both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Besides, V. alginolyticus isolates has the high levels of recombination of genes encoding V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus virulence factors. In vitro cytotoxic activities of several Vibrio extracellular product were also observed among HeLa and Vero cells.
Badreddine Mechri,
Amel Medhioub,
Mohamed Nejib Medhioub,
Mahjoub Aouni
Polish Journal of Microbiology , ISSUE 3, 307–318
original-paper
has been studied regarding its pathogenicity mechanisms. However, considering the pathogenesis of infection by this organism, it must possess characteristics that allow it to colonize or invade tissues and evade the immune system response. Several virulence factors, such as adhesins, secretion systems, and anti-phagocytic layers, have been identified in the genome of C. fetus (Kienesberger et al. 2014). Nonetheless, it is still necessary to investigate C. fetus interactions with animal hosts.
When
LIZETH GUADALUPE CAMPOS-MÚZQUIZ,
ESTELA TERESITA MÉNDEZ-OLVERA,
BEATRIZ ARELLANO-REYNOSO,
DANIEL MARTÍNEZ-GÓMEZ
Polish Journal of Microbiology , ISSUE 2, 217–224
Research Article
diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). However, the colonization by S. aureus is a probable risk factor for infection. Among S. aureus virulence factors, superantigens (SAgs) are essential for pathogenicity. The long-term effect of the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) might be glucose intolerance. This toxin also induces systemic inflammation as a result of the increased exotoxin concentration in blood, and, therefore, may be the causative factor of diabetes. Chronic exposure to
Renata Barbara Klekotka,
Elżbieta Mizgała-Izworska,
Witold Drzastwa2, Bogdan Mazur
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology , ISSUE 2, 166–178
Original Paper
, stx2g. Among STEC O157 strains we observed conserved core set of 14 virulence factors, stable in bacteria genome at long intervals of time. There was one cattle STEC isolate which possessed verotoxin gene as well as sta1 gene encoded heat-stable enterotoxin STIa characteristic for enterotoxigenic E. coli. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of virulence gene profiles identified in STEC strains isolated from human, cattle and food in Poland. The results obtained
Aleksandra Januszkiewicz,
Waldemar Rastawicki
Polish Journal of Microbiology , ISSUE 3, 261–269
Article
colonies do not induce haemolysis, produce β-glucuronidase and do not ferment sucrose and trehalose. Strains with smooth colonies are more likely to cause skin infections, while the rough ones, in most cases of infections, are isolated from the material originating from the respiratory tract [46, 57]. Little is known about the virulence factors of these bacteria. A. haemolyticum produces phospholipase D and neuraminidase. Phospholipase D breaks down sphingomyelin by causing necrosis of the skin and
Alicja Sękowska,
Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology , ISSUE 1, 29–34
Original Paper
amino acid change in UreB sequence (Ala201Thr, 30%), showed no influence on urease activity. In conclusion, the supposed role of H. pylori urease to form peptic ulcer and advancing of intestinal metaplasia was postulated in this study. Higher urease activity in the colonizing H. pylori strains that present specific virulence factors was indicated as a risk factor for promotion of histopathological changes of gastric tissue that advance gastric malignancy.
Hossein Ghalehnoei,
Alireza Ahmadzadeh,
Nastaran Farzi,
Masoud Alebouyeh,
Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei,
Pedram Azimzadeh,
Mahsa Molaei,
Mohammad Reza Zali
Polish Journal of Microbiology , ISSUE 2, 153–159